Presenting symptoms of iron deficiency anaemia
Symptoms of iron deficiency anaemia can include:
- tiredness and lack of energy
- shortness of breath
- noticeable heartbeats (heart palpitations)
- paler than usual skin
- headaches
Less common symptoms of iron deficiency anaemia (that are not usually connected to pregnancy) include:
- hearing ringing, buzzing or hissing noises inside your head (tinnitus)
- food tasting strange
- feeling itchy
- a sore tongue
- hair loss – you notice more hair coming out when brushing or washing it
- wanting to eat non-food items, such as paper or ice (pica)
- finding it hard to swallow (dysphagia)
- painful open sores (ulcers) in the corners of your mouth
- nail changes, such as spoon-shaped nails
- restless legs syndrome
According to the NICE guidelines, it is estimated that 3% of men and 8% of women have iron deficiency anaemia, and it is the reason for at least 10% of gastroenterology referrals. Potential pathology in the upper GI tract or colon mandate endoscopic investigation in patients without an obvious underlying cause.
When patients have iron deficiency anaemia (IDA), the GP can refer them to the gastroenterology department, using the IDA referral form, which is reviewed by a nurse specialist. Most people will be invited directly for diagnostic procedures, although in some cases an initial telephone consultation might be arranged.
Some patients with negative findings on upper and lower endoscopy might require further investigation of the small intestine, using video capsule endoscopy, CT or MRI scan. These investigations would be requested upon discussion between the patient and the clinician.
If you think you might have iron deficiency anaemia, please arrange an appointment with your GP, who will ask you about your lifestyle and medical history, and arrange blood tests to assess for IDA, and arrange medicinal treatment as required.